Changes in the Earths Environment Essay Example For Students

Changes in the Earths Environment Essay Changes in the Earths EnvironmentThe twentieth century, particularly in the subsequent half, has been one of rapidchange in the Earths condition. The effect of people on the physical structure andfunctioning of the Earth have arrived at levels that are worldwide in character, andhave done as such at an inexorably mounting speed. 20 years prior the earth wasseen as representing a danger to the fate of humankind as death rates from naturalhazards had expanded drastically since the turn of the century. The Earththough has consistently been tormented by cataclysmic events. Presently, with the worldpopulation developing at a quick rate more individuals are living in peril inclined regions. Occasions which may have gone unnoticed already, possibly become risks when thereis intercession with people and their way of life. With the disclosure of the ozonehole during the 1980s consideration was currently progressively centered around the danger people wereposing to nature. With logical proof to back up pessimisticpredictions of our future, the vast majority, through media inclusion, politicalpressures and general concern presently consider the to be as being really threatenedby human advancement and in urgent need of help. Regular perils have been characterized as extraordinary geophysical occasions greatlyexceeding typical human desires as far as their extent or recurrence andcausing critical harm to man and his works with conceivable death toll. (Heathcote,1979,p.3.). A characteristic risk happens when there is an interactionbetween an arrangement of human asset the executives and outrageous or uncommon naturalphenomena (Chapman,1994). As McCall, Laming and Scott (1991) contend, strictlyspeaking there is no risk except if people are influenced somehow or another. However the linebetween common and human-made dangers is a finely drawn one and usuallyoverlapping. Doornkamp ( refered to in McCall et al, 1992) contends that numerous hazardsare human instigated or if nothing else aggravated by the mediation of people. During the 1970s, characteristic dangers were a significant subject of topical study,as the idea of their effect on human populaces and what they esteemed wasincreasing in recurrence at a serious fast rate (Burton, Kates, White, 1978). During the 75 years after 1900 the number of inhabitants in the earth expanded by astaggering 2.25 billion individuals. Individuals who required land on which to live and work. As the populace rose individuals were scattered in a bigger number of spots and in largernumbers than previously. The transcendent development of individuals being from homestead to townor city (Burton et al,1978.). It is this developing total populace, Burton et al(1978) recommend, that is the primary purpose for why dangers are expanding andwere seen to posture such a danger to mankind during the 70s. While the averagenumber of catastrophes remained generally steady at around 30 every year, deathrates climbed altogether. As the developing total populace requires the development of land more proneto dangers, more individuals and property are along these lines presented to the danger of disasterthan ever previously, and as Stow (1992) contends, the loss of life unavoidably rises. Anexample that shows the worry that people looked from nature can beexemplified by the Bangladesh typhoon of 1970, which executed approximately250,000 individuals. Albeit part of the explanation behind such a large number of passings can be put downto an at that point inadequately got process, land-use can likewise be embroiled. Since ofa rising populace, land in Bangladesh was recovered by the administration and heldagainst the ocean. Individuals in enormous numbers were then urged to possess the region. A zone which ended up being one of incredible hazard. Significant disturbance wasinevitable Burton et al (1978) contend at whatever point populace was in the way of suchforces. Had sensible measures been taken ahead of time of the tempest, the materialdamage, death toll and social disengagement could have been truly decreased. .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 , .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 .postImageUrl , .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 , .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0:hover , .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0:visited , .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0:active { border:0!important; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0:active , .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178f f09b785fdba0 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf11b82740eaee1cc178ff09b785fdba0:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Are Standardization from Enterprise Architecture EssayIn the 1990s we live in a data age. Today we have remarkablemonitoring and prescient capacities for regular risks. The utilization of advancedtelecommunications and crisis the board, along with the abuse ofgeographic data frameworks in risk alleviation has significantly decreased theextent to which characteristic perils are viewed as a danger to individuals in the 90s(Chapman et al, 1994). Death toll and property from common disasterscontinue to rise however as the number of inhabitants on the planet rises and puts moredemands on the earth for land assets. White (1974) contends that environmental hazard might be viewed as fundamentally an element of the valuesystems of a general public. How risky a characteristic danger is, is

The website of National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Essay - 1

The site of National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office - Essay Example In this paper it is important to portray how the site of â€Å"National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office† (n.d.) bolsters the learning objective: utilize climate perceptions, examination, and anticipating to decide chance administration strategies for basic climate circumstances and serious storms.In this paper it is important to depict how the site of â€Å"National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office† (n.d.) underpins the learning objective: utilize climate perceptions, investigation, and guaging to decide hazard the executives arrangements for basic climate circumstances and extreme tempests. Above all else it is important to make reference to that it is a site of the acclaimed National Weather Service (NWS) which is a main meteorological data source since its establishment in 1890. The assignments of the site not just give data on expectation of seven-days determining, yet additionally cut off climate admonitions. This source proposes a wide scope of item s and administrations which can be utilized by the crisis directors, the media and general society, and gives a brief of the items which incorporate immensely significant head data. For example, the avionics conjecture perceptions, every day fire climate estimates and marine figures are introduced here.â The site examines and firmly presents the transitory watched and climatic propensity of destruction over the 48 United States and Puerto Rico. The given data about precipitation depends on a radar-in particular, measure just, satellite-just sensor. Precipitation information are refreshed multiple times per day.â The Fire Weather Program is offered to government and state land the board organizations. This program gives the activity of forestalling, dousing the fire, and the board of woodland and prairies taking everything into account, as one of the main information assortment site, it shares essential data about states of surface and upper air, weight of air, etc. The source of fers present moment and long haul models of environment which are imparted to government organizations; it presents explores reports and tempest overviews. In this manner, the National Weather Service is close in contact with government and media crisis specialists to give immeasurably significant information about storm.â â

The Pantheon Essays - Domes, Pantheon, Rome, Free Essays

The Pantheon Essays - Domes, Pantheon, Rome, Free Essays The Pantheon Presentation I decided to write about the pantheon in light of the fact that Ive seen pictures and I am additionally exceptionally entranced by all the Roman landmarks. I glanced all around the web and libraries. The Pantheon was elusive data about. It was testing however I discovered enough data to finish this report. This renowned structure remains in the business locale of Romemuch as it was assembled nearly 18 centuries prior. Incredibly, it has withstood the assaults of both the components and war allowing a firsthand perspective on an interesting item built by Roman hands. Presently, it is presented to corrosive downpour and exhaust from passing vehicles and dominated by structures of second rate taste; in any case, with trust later on, the Pantheon will endure. Unrecognized, the plan of this antiquated solid structure uncovers unrivaled highlights not experienced in present day plan measures. Ongoing investigations uncover a few significant breaks in the vault, yet it despite everything capacities healthy. This condition will most likely energize the interest of our basic architects. The structure was assembled completely without steel strengthening poles to oppose tractable splitting, so vital in solid individuals, and for this solid arch with a long range to a centuries ago is mind blowing. Today, no architect would set out form this structure without steel bars! Current codes of building practice would not allow such evil. No financial specialist with information on solid structure would give the subsidizing. Extra limitations when endeavoring to construct a structure as extensive as the Pantheon will be examined later, however quickly they incorporate the utilization of deficient hand instruments and dangerous lifting gadgets. I accept we can gain from this action. Laborers can work from an arrangement and can effectively utilize their demonstrated practices just if development quality controls are kept up. History reveals to us that the Pantheon is a Greek word importance to respect all Gods (especially the Olympian divinities). Ironicly our structure has existed all through numerous wars while being devoted to all Gods; one can promptly see this to be a sanctuary for our one God. What's more, the Church has guaranteed this blessed structure as a resting place for its most popular Popes, so we keep on respect its heavenly godlikeness. The main manifestation of this antiquated sanctuary was worked by Agrippa, the child in-law of the Roman Emperor Augustus, around 27 B.C. Today, over the passage cut in stone are the words M. AGRIPPA L. F. COS. TERTIUM FECIT which is deciphered, Marcus Agrippa, child of Lucius, in his third office, made it. Without a doubt, it merits referencing that Agrippa's designing abilities were utilized in building the popular Pont de Gard reservoir conduit in France. Likewise with numerous urban areas, catastrophe as huge flames, for example, those of 60, 64, 79, 100 and 110 A.D. appeared to strike Rome. Initially, numerous Roman structures contained travertine (limestone rock) which effortlessly split in flames. The primary Pantheon was seriously harmed and required trade aside from certain pieces of the lower yard area and establishment. The Pantheon was modified by the Emperor Hadrian during the period 118 to 128 A.D. (a period given by Ward-Perkins).2 But the Ward-Perkins' period is contested by, Lugli who said the structure was begun at some point after 123 A.D. furthermore, was done by Sovereign Pius around 140 A.D.3 However, the vast majority of the blocks were made and put in the Pantheon in 123 A.D., a date that the creator stepped on his blocks. This was found in 1892 by the French paleologist, George Chedanne. It shows up the development of the rotunda dividers took a time of 4 to 5 years, and the arch required a like period as a result of its tallness and the pitiful instruments the Romans utilized. This long development period was blessed as it gave this pozzolan concrete plentiful time to fix what's more, gain quality. Was the subsequent sanctuary like the first? Indeed, the major standard of the old Roman religion necessitated that the sanctuaries be reconstructed without changes in unique structure. Custom necessitated that the principle entrance face north, and subsequently the entire structure was arranged on the north-south hub of the structure. A portrayal of its basic highlights is isolated into the design, establishment ring, round dividers, and vault to all the more unmistakably characterize different segments. How these pieces are one of a kind considering the present plan necessities will be talked about in the blink of an eye. Body The Pantheon is one of the extraordinary profound

Ground Rules in the Classroom Free Essays

â€Å"No gathering can work effectively without decides that administer connections and behaviour† (Minton 2005). Standard procedures in a study hall relies generally upon the sort and the length of the course and the ages, capacity and beneficial encounters of the gathering being educated. Standard procedures should be set out toward the start of a course to set up what is normal from the students as far as conduct and common regard of individual students and the educator. We will compose a custom paper test on Guidelines in the Classroom or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now A decent instrument to use to execute these standards would be a â€Å"ice breaker† whereby the instructor would request that the students record their own thoughts of the ideal learning condition for them; for instance, a conceptualizing action. The students could then impart their plans to their friends and through a general accord think of a rundown of rules they wish to actualize in their study hall. The educator would make the guidelines reasonable, fitting the standards as indicated by the necessities of the students thus giving the students responsibility for own principles. The instructor would bolster, propel, support and convince the students. Grown-up students will ordinarily feel angry and estranged if an instructor adopts an order and control strategy in their style of educating. Conduct and regard are commonly interlinked. Great educator/student connections and friend connections depend on common regard. The student regards the educator for their showing abilities, individual characteristics, information and demonstrable skill and the instructor regards the student as an individual and their endeavors to learn. All guidelines support conduct and regard for others as regard and conduct are commonly comprehensive. Unmistakable conduct originates from regard. Instructions to refer to Ground Rules in the Classroom, Essay models

6 Great Ways to Start Your Day

6 Great Ways to Start Your Day October 22, 2019 Hoby Finn / Getty images More in Stress Management Management Techniques Physical Techniques Relaxation Time Management Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress The way you spend your morning can add a certain flavor to the rest of your day. When things start out feeling stressful, you can experience a downward spiral of negative events and stressful responses. (If this has already happened to you today, learn how to  turn around a bad day.) Conversely, if you start off your day from a place of feeling centered, you will be better able to handle what comes and enjoy the rest of your day to a fuller extent. Here are some healthy lifestyle habits to incorporate into your morning routine that can leave you better able to handle the stress you experience. Try one or several, and experiment until you find what suits you. Put On Some Music Music therapy has been shown to reduce stress and has a positive effect on health. You dont need a therapist to enjoy some of the benefits music has to offer. Listening to music as you get ready and start your day will create positive energy and a soothing sense of peace (or a sense of fun, if you play party music). Music can compliment other healthy lifestyle habits, adding a sense of peace to a yoga workout, putting a spring in your step on a morning walk or stimulating your mind as you write in your journal. The Psychological Effects of Music Relax in the Shower   Many of us shower in the morning  though we often rush through it because we need to get on with our day. Why not take a few extra minutes and get into the right frame of mind? As you let the warm water loosen your muscles, think about the possibilities that lie ahead, think about what you have to be grateful for in life and remember this serene feeling. When you encounter challenges through the day, just think back to this relaxed feeling. You may be able to approach your stressors from a more centered place. Drink Green Tea   Sipping a warm cup of tea is a soothing activity that will help you prepare for the day ahead and feel nurtured. Green tea is loaded with antioxidants, so it’s a delicious and healthy lifestyle choice. Green Tea Health Benefits Eat a Balanced Breakfast If you usually start the day with a bagel and coffee, know that breakfast is known as the most important meal of the day for a very good reason. A  healthy meal in the morning can balance your blood sugar levels and give you the sustenance you need to handle physical and mental stress. Without breakfast, you will be less resilient, both physically and mentally. Be sure to have plenty of protein and fruit, not just caffeine and empty calories! Write in Your Journal Journaling has many health and stress management benefits  and can also lead to increased self-awareness. Writing once a day  can help you feel focused, process  negative emotions  and solve problems. Take a few minutes to reflect on what you enjoyed about the day before, focus on what you hope to achieve in the day ahead, or just write about what you are grateful for right now.   How to Start Journaling Take a Morning Walk Walking has so many health benefits, the stress management benefits are practically just gravy! A morning walk can get you ready for your day, help you sleep better at night, lower your stress level  and reduce your risk of numerous health conditions. If you bring a dog with you, you’ll be lavished with attention as well! Do a Little Yoga You were promised six strategies, but Im giving you a bonus because its such an effective stress reliever. For a healthy body and peaceful mind, few activities give as much bang for your buck as yoga.  Combining all the goodness of several stress management techniques (diaphragmatic breathing, meditation, stretching and more) yoga provides some of the best stress management and health benefits you can find in a single technique.   A good way to start your morning is by doing a series of yoga poses called Sun Salutations. Sun Salutations Step-by-Step

Effective Customer Relationship Management System - Free Essay Example

This assignment explores the need for customer relationship management systems. It begins by explaining how the organisational environment has changed and the pace of change is accelerating. It then considers how a better understanding the customer contributes to organisational success. Following this, it defines what is understood by CRM or customer relationship management, and finally it considers the importance of using technology effectively when designing a CRM system. The emergence of CRM is a response to a changing global environment, as Court (2004:4) observed twenty years ago, large companies used one of very few television channels to reach 80% of the US population, but the media explosion would require them to advertise across 20 channels to reach the same. Furthermore, brand loyalty is in decline, and product life cycles are shortening: customers are becoming more indifferent to marketing messages since customers, whether consumers or businesses, do not want more choices. They want exactly what they want, when, where and how they want it and technology now makes it possible for companies to give it to them (Pine et al, 1995:104). This belief forms the very basis of the purpose of CRM that customers have hidden or overt preferences that marketers can reveal by building a learning relationship (Mukerjee, 2007). Thus, it involves not only attempting to interpret the needs of customers based on their buying behaviour but predicting their future needs. However, there remains no universal definition of CRM some distinguish between customer relationship management and others argue the M refers to marketing (Gamble et al, 1999) and as a result, different approaches to CRM have been identified. A strategic approach is a core customer-centric business strategy which aims to win and keep profitable customers whereas an Operational approach focuses on the automation of customer-facing processes such as selling, marketing and customer service. A third approach is analytical in nature: focusing on the intelligent mining of customer-related data for strategic or tactical purposes and finally, a collaborative approach applies technology across organisational boundaries with a view to optimizing company, partner and customer value (Butt le, 2009). These different approaches when combined, however, do enable firms to explore their relationship with the customer in a more holistic way. Thus CRM is not merely a matter of database marketing, nor just a marketing process of segmenting the market and acquiring customers or any single IT initiative or loyalty scheme (Buttle, 2009). Firms must be driven by a desire to be more customer-centric if they want to compete effectively and thus, CRM can be thought of as a core business strategy that integrates internal processes and functions, and external networks, to create and deliver value to targeted customers at a profit. It is grounded on high quality customer-related data and enabled by information technology (ibid, 2009: Loc 852). A strategy is the long-term direction of an organisation and operates on three main levels. Firstly, it is concerned with the overall scope of an organisation and how to add value to the organisational as a whole, or the corporate-level. S econdly, at a business level: how the business should compete in their particular market. And thirdly, how the components of an organisation deliver effectively the corporate-level strategies in terms of resources, processes and people (Johnson et al, 2014:7). Therefore, a CRM approach must devise clear objectives to be achieved and which are measureable. Clearly one of those objectives is profit but clearly linked to this is sustainability. Mukerjee (2007) argues that this requires a firm to have four capabilities. The firm must have the technological capabilities to enable the desired functionality for the CRM practice. Secondly, its people must have the skills, abilities and attitudes responsible to generate CRM and implement initiatives. Thirdly, it must focus on the processes that the company has identified to enable the CRM initiatives to be fulfilled, including its transactional interactions with customers, and finally the firm must identify the right approaches to acquire the knowledge and insight into enhancing the customer value by developing stronger and deeper customer relationships with the right set of customers. Thus finding the right set of customers is the starting point for CRM. The IDIC model devised by Peppers and Rogers (1996) suggest firms must first identify who its customers are and build a deep understanding of them. Then, the firm must identify which customers have the most value now and which will offer the most for the future. Following this, the firm must interact will customers to ensure an understanding of customer expectations and their relationship with other suppliers or brands, and finally the firm must customise the offer and communications to ensure the expectations are met. The next step is building a relationship with the customer. Buttle (2009: Loc 1082) defines a relationship as distinct from a transaction: The latter is a one off, but the former is a more enduring social construct, but emphasises trust and com mitment. Thus a CRM system must continually strive for improved customer retention as well as recruiting new customers who have future profit potential. A useful tool for exploring this is customer portfolio management. A portfolio segments customers into mutually exclusive customer groups which are clustered on the basis of one or more strategically important variables. This allows for different groups to manage in different ways as it recognises differing needs, preferences, expectations, but also enables analysis of revenue and cost profiles. Clusters can by consumer type, e.g. other businesses (B2B) or ultimate consumer (B2C). And each sub-group can be further categorised, e.g. business type, or through psychological, geographical, demographical and behavioural clusters (Jackson, 2015). Then it is to appraise the value of such groups. It is a mistake to value according to revenue or volume since they take no account of the costs to win and keep the customer, it must be rel ated to profit (Ambler et al, 2004). Such comparisons can then be modelled on a bivariate grid, and then combined again, for example, attractiveness, or kept separate, and adding a third dimension (trivariate grid approach) for example, assessing against the company and network fit: the operational, marketing, technological, people and other competencies and liquidity a company has, or can develop, to exploit the segment (Buttle, 2009). Thus the portfolio approach provides a sense of focused decision-making that can take into account a number of variables and classifications and assist with forming the strategy of the organisation from a corporate prospective. It provide the vision of the organisation. It follows, then, that the business and operational CRM strategies can then focus on the how to implement CRM systems. This starts with determining priorities to determine the goals and objectives. Chan (2005) believes that in order to successfully build a customer-centric organ isation, all the organisational interactions with the target customers must be tracked whether it is at a primary stage, e.g. marketing, during the interaction, or following the interaction. One approach to this is Value Chain analysis. Porters (1985) Value Chain identifies nine ways that company create value, and classifies them as primary or secondary, as the diagram below demonstrates: Value is created by companies managing each component more efficiently and effectively, and in particular improving the co-ordination of these activities across the business. The competitive position is strengthened by understanding which of these are especially significant to customers, how rare and difficult to mimic these core competencies are, as well as any other factors which support the organisation in achieving its goals (Johnson et al, 2014). These other factors include understanding the role that the organisational stakeholders, including suppliers, customers, owners, partner s and employees contribute (Buttle 2009). He (ibid: Loc 9638) argues that the relationship between suppliers is particularly critical. The organisation, therefore, acts as a link between the suppliers and customers, and for the customer-centric organisation that relationship between the suppliers and customer must de-emphasise the short-term, opportunistic behaviours to maximise immediate profit but rather stress the long-term mutually beneficial gains. Furthermore, companies need to keep adding value to retain customers in order to sustain competitiveness, and potentially leap-frog rivals. There are several approaches that organisations can enhance customer value, for example, product and service innovation, finding complete solutions, lowering costs, using more efficient technology and removing pain points simplifying or removing those activities which a customer must endure to get the value (Mukerjee, 2007). Shaw and Ivens (2002) believe that it is the latter issue that is th e main focus for CRM: understanding the customer experience rather than just the customer. Firms can make use of a number of methods for investigating customer experience, including mystery shopping and experience mapping, a process to chart and improve what happens at every point the customer interacts with the organisation; process mapping (Buttle, 2009). Another approach is to study the customer activity cycle, which involves breaking down the process into basic elements and collecting data at each point in the cycle (Vandermerwe, 1993). Thus, CRM systems make use of sophisticated analytical tools, and these must be supported by CRM technologies. CRM technology must be able to meet a wide-range of functions, not just to capture data, but assist with assimilating that data into databases, which must be robust, scalable and secure (Mukerjee, 2007). Furthermore, such technologies must be accessible to all stakeholders, meaning they cannot be difficult to navigate or configure. They must also be able to operate across any communication channel and integrate with other systems to contribute to a single view of, and for, the customer (Buttle, 2009) who lists many well-known CRM solution providers, for example Oracle, SAP, salesforce. Com, Microsoft and E.piphany (ibid: Loc 8026). Therefore, when designing a CRM systems a thorough understanding of the interconnectivity of the customer, the suppliers, the technology, analytical tools and the firms strategy is required and needs to be constantly monitored, as the model below demonstrates: Adapted from: Buttle (2009: Loc 2863) Earlier in this assignment, finding the right set of customers was suggested as the starting point for CRM system design, and thus it is appropriate to return to this in order to stress the importance of the cyclical and interconnectedness of CRM when designing a system. The activity of finding the right set of customers means right now and in the future in order to devise an appropriate strategy, and do so profitably. This process is known as data mining. Buttle (2009) defines data mining as the application of descriptive and predictive analysis to support the marketing, sales and service functions. Data mining provides answers to questions that are at the heart of CRM and therefore when designing a system, it is important to understand that CRM is a holistic approach. Another key consideration when designing a CRM system is that it should assist the organisation in its quest to keep abreast of and prepare for changes in current trends. Traditional marketing methods have been challenged in recent years by changing social trends, the reduction of governmental controls, rising income levels, threats from rivals, an increasingly sophisticated customer who has greater access to information (Mukerjee, 2007). All of this, has contributed to the shortening product life cycle, which as substantially increased the pressure on firms to not just acquire custom ers but retain them. Any system that is designed must also be implemented. Narver et al (1998) state that customer orientation is a type of organisational culture, therefore before embarking in CRM, the organisational culture must be ready and able to fulfil the CRM objectives. The organisation, or rather the people within it, must be able to respond quickly, and the company able to support, train and hire people with the necessary attitude, skills and abilities in order for them to contribute to CRM. Furthermore, the company may have to radically reconstruction its entire systems, particularly the structural design of the organisation in order to change the culture from resistant to embracing change. This assignment has explored the notion that CRM is a holistic approach which assists the organisation in not just responding to its environment but to also compete against rivals. Customer relationship management cannot deliver its promised benefits without appropriate customer- related data, which in turn must be analysed using a wide-range of tools in order to meet the strategic, operational, analytical and collaborative CRM purposes. To design a CRM system means putting the customer at the heart of the organisation and adapting and sustainably exploiting all the resources available in order to meet their needs. References Ambler, T., Kokkinaki, F. and Puntoni, S (2004) Assessing marketing performance: reason for metrics selection, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 20, p 475 98. Buttle, F. (2009) Customer Relationship Management, Abdingdon:Routledge. Chan, J.O. (2005) Toward a unified view of customer relationship management, Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol 6 (1), p 32 38. Court, D.C (2004) A New Model of Marketing, McKinsey Quarterly, Vol 4, pages 4 6 Gamble, P, Stone, M, and Woodcock, N (1999) Customer Relationship Marketing: up close and personal, London: Kogan Page. Jackson, J. (2015) Marketing, E-bookPartnership. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D. Regner, P. (2014) Exploring Strategy, Harlow: Pearson Education. Mukerjee, K (2007) Customer Relationship Management, New Delhi: PHI Learning. Narver, J, Slater, S and Tietje, B (1998) Creating a Market Orientation, Journal of Market Focused Management, Vol 2, p 241 255 Peppers, D and Rogers, M (2004) Managing Customer Relationships: a strategic framework, London: Piatkus. Pine, B, Joseph, I.I, Peppers, D and Rogers, M (1995) Do you want to keep your customers forever? Harvard Business Review, Vol 73 (2) p 103 114. Porter, M (1985) Competitive Advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance, New York: Free Press. Shaw, C and Ivens, J (2002) Building great customer experiences, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Vandermerwe, S (1993) Jumping into the customer activity cycle: a new role for customer services in the 1990s, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol 28 (2), p 28 66.

Definition Of Behavior Modification The Field Of...

ïÆ'Ëœ Definition of Behavior modification : Behavior modificationis the field of psychologyconcerned with analyzing and modifying human behavior. Analyzing means identifying the functional relationship between environmental events and a particular behavior to understand the reasons for behavior or to determine why a personbehaved as he or she did. Modifying means developing and implementing procedures to help people change their Belvoir. It involves altering environmental events so as to influence behavior. Behavior modification procedures are developed by professionals and used to change socially significant behaviors, with the goal of improving some aspect of a person’s life following are some characteristics that define believermodification. ïÆ'Ëœ Indication: 1. Obsessissive-compulsive behavior (OCD) : Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over 2. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): is a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. †¢ Inattention means a person wanders off task, lacks persistence, has difficulty sustaining focus, and is disorganized; and these problems are not due to defiance or lack of comprehension. †¢ Hyperactivity means a person seems to move about constantly,

10th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas

Tenth-grade science fair projects can be fairly advanced. By 10th grade, most students can identify a project idea on their own and can conduct the project and report on it without much assistance, but they can still seek help from parents and teachers. Tenth-grade students can use the scientific method to make predictions about the world around them and to construct experiments to test their predictions. Environmental issues, green chemistry, genetics, classification, cells, and energy are all appropriate 10th-grade topic areas. 10th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas Test products for impurities. For example, you could compare the amount of lead in different brands of bottled water. If a label says a product does not contain a heavy metal, is the label accurate? Do you see any evidence of leaching of hazardous chemicals from the plastic into water over time?Which sunless tanning product produces the most realistic-looking tan?Which brand of disposable contact lenses last the longest before a person decides to switch them out?Which brand of rechargeable batteries delivers charge the longest before needing to be recharged? Does the answer depend on the type of battery-operated device?Test the efficiency of different shapes of fan blades.Can you tell how much biodiversity is in a water sample by how murky the water is?Determine whether ethanol really does burn more cleanly than gasoline.Is there a correlation between attendance and GPA? Is there a correlation between how close to the front of the classroom a student sits and GPA?Which method of cook ing destroys the most bacteria?Which disinfectant kills the most bacteria? Which disinfectant is the safest to use?Examine the effect of growing one plant species near another.Can you build your own electrochemical cell or battery? Test its output and efficiency.Try to see if there is a correlation between two different factors, such as sunspot activity and mean global temperature or skipping lunch and low test scores. How valid would you expect such a correlation to be?What type of cooling mat is most effective at removing excess heat from a laptop computer?What is the best way to store bread to preserve its freshness?Which types of produce induce ripening or premature rotting in other produce?

A Summary Of The Bible - 1467 Words

We follow the lectionary each week and here for this week is this very difficult text. This text is not always our favorite text, but given all that is happening in the world around us, perhaps it is the best text for today. But let’s be honest, when we read this†¦.we think WOW†¦.sounds like Jesus needs some chocolate. He sounds pretty grumpy. This does not sound like the sweet Jesus we know. Matthew tells us that a Canaanite woman desperately seeks out Jesus. The fact that she was â€Å"Canaanite† is an important description. Israelites and Canaanites were ancient and bitter enemies. Profound animosity and hostility existed between them. Matthew’s congregation was almost exclusively Jewish, probably a Jerusalem congregation, who would†¦show more content†¦We might laugh it off, but The point is this was name calling. Even so, this woman apparently was not thrown in the least by what Jesus says. She has heard this before. She cleverly responds, Sir, even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their masters table. Responding to her quick-witted remark, Jesus agrees to help her daughter, and immediately the daughter is healed. Jesus applauds her with the affirmation, Woman, great is your faith! Biblical scholars argue about this passage. They disagree on whether or not these are really Jesus’s words. Maybe matthew added this racial slur and Jesus did not really say that. This passage is right here in scripture, so we cannot ignore it. Many have tried to soften and rationalize Jesus words, making excuses for him saying he was under stress from engaging the crowds. Others say he was just trying to get away for some quiet time and this woman interrupted; or that he was testing the womans faith in some way; or that he didnt mean dog in the negative sense. But let’s not soften or change the story or try to tone it down to erase the offense, so we can be more comfortable. If we do soften it, we will miss the real power and the cutting truth of this story. This story is tough for a reason! Thats the key that unlocks the story –The meaning lies in it for us when we stop and really unpack it and pause to think about it. So we try to soften the story or explainShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Bible On 1204 Words   |  5 Pages1100 February 3, 2016 Summary of â€Å"Bible in an Hour† â€Å"Bible in an Hour† is an interesting encapsulation of the thematic that is laid out throughout the entire Bible and how they are linked together in the Old Testament into the New Testament. Reverend Wade Butler does a good, but not a great job at bringing out the whole Biblical explanations. The charts are very helpful to visually see his concept of this theme. Reverend Butler’s simplification or paraphrased of the Bible is just one way to viewRead MoreBible Summary2905 Words   |  12 PagesThe Books of the Old Testament The Pentateuch/ The Torah (5 books) Genesis - Genesis, which means beginnings, begins with the creation of the world and man. The first half of the book also covers the early history of man, the story of Noah and the Flood, and the Tower of Babel. The second half of the book is about the Patriarchs of Gods chosen people ... from Abraham to Isaac to Jacob. It ends with the story of Joseph and the Israelites moving to Egypt. Exodus - Enslaved in Egypt forRead MoreSummary Of The Anchor Bible 1373 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Anchor Bible, Joesph A. Fitzmyer interprets the Gospel according to Luke. Fitzmyer starts with Jesus continuing his journey through towns and villages and he is teach and continuing towards Jerusalem. In verse 23 someone asked him, â€Å"Sir is it true that only a few are to be saved?† Jesus answers to them in verse 24, â€Å"Strive to enter through the narrow door, for many, I tell you, will seek to get in, but will not be able to.† Luke carries on to the second part of his account with Jesus’Read MoreSummary Of The Poisonwood Bible 1318 Words   |  6 PagesAP Literature and Composition Summer Reading Assignment The Poisonwood Bible Analyzed by: Shraddha Patel contents: 6 essays  â€Å" Imagine a ruin so strange it must never have happened First, picture the forest. I want you to be its conscience, the eyes in the trees.† The effect of the above directive on the reader is that it takes us into the world that is so disparate from anything that we, the reader, could have ever imagined. It propels the reader to continue reading and disclose the mysteryRead MoreSummary Of The Utopia Bible 1723 Words   |  7 Pages Ante Musin The Utopia Bible The meaning of life is individuation: the process by which one affirms their sense of self by the unification of their internal complexes with their external behavior through the inducement of an objective internal reality created by our psyche to connect us with our complexes, derived from a subjective personal experience, created by the objective external reality which is designed to condition behavior. The expression of individuation is symbolic creation;Read MoreSummary Of The Poisonwood Bible 2533 Words   |  11 PagesAnupa Joseph Period 07/24/15 Fernstrom The Poisonwood Bible Reader Response #1: Pages 1-186 Whose Revelation? What is the Revelation? What do the girls learn? Book two is entitled â€Å"The Revelation† and the girls’ sections is entitled â€Å"The Things We Learned.† The Revelation was intended to mainly the Price family, excluding the father. The theme revelation has another definition: apocalypse. In the bible, the apocalypse leads to destruction and demise right before when God makes it a better placeRead MoreSummary Of Book The Poisonwood Bible 1079 Words   |  5 PagesMajor Work Data Sheet Name: Noah Andrews Period 3 Part I Title: The Poisonwood Bible Author: Barbara Kingsolver Date of Original Publication: Kingsolver started writing it in 1993, it was published in 1998 by HarperCollins publishing company. Biographical information about the author: Barbara Kingsolver was born in 1955, and she grew up in the farmlands of Kentucky. She has lived all over the world, including destinations such as the Canary Islands, Mexico, and South America. She currentlyRead MoreBible in an Hour Summary Paper1416 Words   |  6 PagesBible in an Hour Summary The Bible in an Hour by Wade Butler splits the Bible up with four different charts. They all cover different parts of the bible. The first chart depicts the whole Bible from beginning to end. Charts two and three covers the themes of the Old Testament. Chart four covers the New Testament. In chart one, the narrator starts off with talking about the infinity sign. It is very important when talking about the Bible and God. Infinity means that God creates time and all whoRead MoreSummary Of The Bible Genesis Revelation 2099 Words   |  9 PagesSummary of the Bible: Genesis to Revelations The Bible contains sixty-six books, written by approximately forty authors, over the course of two thousand years. God created and loves humans despite their rebellious attitude towards Him, and God wants to reunite humans to Himself (Poythress, 2008). The Bible is a record of the sinful rebellion of humans and it still declares God’s love for humanity through the sacrifice of His Son, Jesus Christ. This foundation prepares the way for Jesus Christ toRead MoreEssay on The Bible Among the Myths Summary3696 Words   |  15 PagesSUMMARY OF JOHN N. OSWALT’S BOOK THE BIBLE AMONG THE MYTHS David Strickland Old Testament Introduction - OBST 590 June 1, 2013 Introduction The author, John N. Oswalt, was first introduced to the subject of this book in his seminary studies in the 1960s. Oswalt introduces his book with a narrative of the similarities and differences that exist between the Old Testament and the literature of the Ancient Near East. Prior to the 1960s scholars believed that the Old Testament was unique and did

Essay about Cyber Studies - 1499 Words

Cyber Studies This essay will argue that the influence of new technologies are changing the relationship between the media and their audiences. This concept will be explored by examining the current media communication model and how new technologies influence it’s future. Future media possibilities are raised and the implications of them for the relative industries are discussed. This essay is molded around the idea that these new technologies are giving audiences the power to shape the future of media and it’s capabilities. The premise being discussed involves many participants and factors as it is becoming increasingly difficult to separate them due to technological and communication convergence. Basically this essay will†¦show more content†¦Consumers are no longer just receptors to the information flow’, (American Press Institute, 2004). This is the emerging social trend that many media and technological forecasters are predicting through futures research. Futures research being the ‘understanding about the future consequences of present developments and choices’, (Media Futures Archive, 2004). Future consequences of the present developments of new technologies is the shifting of power from media organizations to the audience, the consumer. ‘This progression will redefine everything we know about the way people consume media’, (Media Magazines Forecast 2005, 2004). This shift potentially has dire consequences for the media industry and related industries including marketing and advertising. These industries have relied on the mass media communication model to transmit their message to a passive audience. The future however is in the consumers hand as they now have the power to call the shots about what media they engage in, when and how. Therefore the media, marketing and advertising industries face the challenge to re-structure their message delivery tactics in order to gain the consumers attention again. ‘Advertising is the art of arresting the human intelligence just long enough to get money from it.’ (Blore, Corporate Influence in the Media). SomeShow MoreRelatedCis 500 Week 6 Case Study 1 Cyber Security669 Words   |  3 PagesCIS 500 WEEK 6 CASE STUDY 1 CYBER SECURITY To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/cis-500-week-6-case-study-1-cyber-security/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM CIS 500 WEEK 6 CASE STUDY 1 CYBER SECURITY CIS 500 Week 6 Case Study 1 - Cyber Security in Business Organizations - Strayer University 2015 Version NEW Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you: 1. Determine the fundamental challenges that organizations face in general in regard to protectingRead MoreCyber Case Study912 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal and corporate data make it a more rewarding target for cyber criminals these days. At the same time, greater connectivity provides more potential attack vectors. Below are some of the cyber threats that educational institutions come across. IT security threats can be classified into mainly 4 categories: Internal External Physical Social engineering and software driven Internal security threats Employees - In the 2016 Cyber Security Intelligence Index, IBM found that 60% of all attacksRead MoreCyber Insurance Case Study1428 Words   |  6 Pagesunbreakable; they merely act as a deterrent for hackers. For disruptive cyber attacks, businesses need cyber insurance to help indemnify the loss of business, reputation, and to provide services to those breached. Cyber insurance offers the potential for extremely large losses that admitted carriers tend to avoid. Surplus lines companies are more willing to write reasonably high loss limits on these policies. Ironically, the issue with cyber liability coverage to date is a lack of data. Pricing this riskRead MoreCyber Bullying: A Study of Long Term Effects on Adolescent Cyber Bullying1561 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Cyber bullying is a topic that has been researched many times. As technology changes, it is important that research is kept up to date on how victimization can affect present and future psychosocial adjustment issues. Cyber bullying is defined as victimization that intends to harm another through electronic means, where individuals can harm without physical interaction. (Tokunaga, 2010). Cyber bullying requires little planning and there is little chance of being caught. It is importantRead MoreCase Study Questions On Cyber Security Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study 1: Cyber Security in Business Organizations Organizations have become more dependent on the Internet as a foundation for commerce, communication, and collaboration. Real-time access to information is making employees more mobile, helping companies make smarter decisions, and increasing the performance of the businesses. Information is becoming the most valuable asset for any business and, as such, its security should be at a high level. Target did not perform due diligence regardingRead MoreCyber Security Case Study1105 Words   |  5 PagesSEO: GDPR, cyber security Understanding GDPR Regulations What it Means for Cyber Security On May 25, 2018 the European Union will begin enforcing the new General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) that will create one data protection standard throughout the EU. These regulations were designed to create a unified standard for personal data privacy and to simplify the enforcement of data privacy laws throughout all EU countries. What some organizations are surprised to learn, is that these regulationsRead MoreCyberbullying: The New Form of Bullying Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pages Forty- three percent of teens have experienced cyber bullying in their life (â€Å"43 percent†). Bullying has changed so much throughout the years; it went from calling teens malicious things to their faces, to saying vile things on the computer. Cyber bullying is a colossal problem with teens, and it is hard to escape because of all the technology that surrounds them. Cyber bullying is in complex to do, especially with all the technology teens can use. Teens can send instant messages or text messagesRead MoreCyber Bully And What Do Cyber Bullies Look For A Target?1457 Words   |  6 PagesWhat factors are associated with an increased tendency to cyber bully and what do cyber bullies look for in a target? Aschah Williams David Johnston Emily Crawford Jaime Skipper Kiera Smith BHCLR â€Æ' What factors are associated with an increased tendency to cyber bully and what do cyber bullies look for in a target? Cyber Bullying is a relatively new method of harassing and intimidating peers. It’s difficult to target because as few as 1/10 parents realize that their children are participatingRead MoreCyber Terrorism1716 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Bank of America was the victim of a cyber terrorism attack; although no definitive evidence is available to substantiate that claim.   Cyber terror attacks pose a threat against the national security of the United States. In order to fully comprehend the threat that cyber terrorism poses, it is essential to understand the background, the effects, the reality of the threat and the future of cyber terrorism. This assessment examines the reality of the cyber terrorism threat, and also questions itsRead MoreSocial Media Should Be Used Responsibly1861 Words   |  8 Pagesharm others with† and thus, cyber bullying came into existence. Cyber bullying is â€Å"a modern form of bullying performed using electronic forms of contact† (Fab io Sticca Sonja Perren). It is where kids send hate messages, post embarrassing pictures of others, and hide behind fake identities to harass others. With all the new interactive features on these social media sites, posting a hateful comment or sending a cruel message has become easier than ever. According to cyber bullying statistics provided

Impact of Eve Teasing in the Society of Bangladesh Free Essays

Impact of Eve teasing in the society of Bangladesh: By: S. khan joy Email: skjoy2010@gmail. com Now Eve teasing is one of the main threats for Bangladesh because it is destroying the social balance. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Eve Teasing in the Society of Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eve teasing might seem harmless ‘fun’ to some, but gets the nerve of the victims. The severe impact of eve teasing is taking away the lives of young girls as Bangladesh has witnessed recently. Based on empirical study (2008) the Hunger Project has identified some impacts of eve teasing in the society of rural Bangladesh. These are: a) Curtailed education: Sexual harassment increases girls’ drop-out rate from school. Parents concerned about their daughter’s honour or safety sometimes keep their daughters home and/or marry them off at an early age. b) Early marriage: Girls who are teased or harassed are also pushed into marriage, before they are physically or mentally prepared. ) Hindered development: Eve teasing contributes to maintaining the low status of women. It also hinders women in participating in the formal employment sector. As nearly half of the population of the country are women, for the economic development of the country their participation in employment is a must. d) Eve teasing† leads to young woman’s suicide in Bangladesh: RVEYING the newspapers over the last few months we must have to be shocked realising the unprecedented rate o f suicide cases among the young girls due to eve teasing. As reported in the newspapers in the recent past Nurina, Elora, Simi, Trisha, Tonni, Swapna, Tithi, Rumi committed suicide to escape the cruelty of stalkers’ repression. Over the last four months, as reported in The Daily Star, fourteen girls, due to repression of stalkers, opted for ultimate destiny of their lives finding no other alternatives. Apart from suicide, one statistics has revealed that during January-July 2008 period only, about 13,000 women became victims of eve teasing of different forms across the country. This figure counted only the reported cases. Many occurrences remain unreported as the majority of the victims of eve teasing prefer to ignore this out of fear or not to be ‘disgraced’ or part of a social ‘gossip’. The situation has become so alarming that, in general, it can be argued that at present no girl has been spared from being a victim of eve teasing in one form or another. How to cite Impact of Eve Teasing in the Society of Bangladesh, Papers

E-mail Marketing Campaign-Free-Samples for Students Myassignment

Question: Provides an overview of how firms compete in todays environment with a focus on strategic choices and the infrastructures affecting e-commerce including technology, capital, media, and public policy. Answer: E-Commerce is the fastest growing marketing platform that the multinational companies are dependent for their advertising and marketing ("Editorial Board", 2017). This report is going to discuss about the effective marketing strategies that can be implemented on this platform. The major marketing strategies that are being used to enhance business are as followed: - Create a Content Marketing Strategy Before Starting The advantages gained with the help of E-commerce are due to the ability of planning the marketing strategies before starting the process of marketing. Once the strategies are formed for marketing of the service provided previously taking into consideration the pros and cons of the strategy then success of the strategy is the only way. Branding of the company In todays world, branding of the product is the most important aspect of marketing. Trust of the mass on branded products are increasing day by day, this is the reason why branding of the product is very important. E-commerce provides this aspect of the marketing strategy a platform that brings out the best out of the marketing strategy. Advertising of a product is best done with the help of E-commerce platform. Diversification of advertising Due to the platform provided by e-commerce diversification of the advertizing of the product increases. Social media has enhanced the advertising aspect of the brand in e-commerce hugely in last few years ("Atypical antipsychotic causes weight gain by targeting serotonin receptor 2C", 2017). E-mail marketing campaign Another useful way of marketing through e commerce is E-mail marketing. E-mail marketing is the most effective way of reaching persons in personal and get their attention focused towards the product or service of the organization. Opting for user generated content The best way to interact with the audience is by approaching them with the help of user generated content. Getting the people to interact with the company directly and take the survey about their likes and dislikes of the product or services acts as the best evaluation of the products success rate. This technique also helps in calculating the life cycle of the product by the survey results. Implementing loyalty program Loyalty programs evaluate the loyalty of the customers towards the product or the brand. This program also shows us the target age of the product. This evaluation also states the faults of the brand that is restricting the brand to the people of all ages ( Jaewook Lim, 2012). These facilities are provided by the e commerce platform. These make e commerce the most trusted platform for marketing. Reach the customers in their native language the best way to reach the customers is by contacting them in their native language. People are most comfortable in their native language (Demirkan, 2015). So it is easier for the brands to reach the clients in their native language in order t get the best response from the clients. From the above discussion it can be stated that e commerce supports marketing in a most efficient way. With the pros of e commerce cons come in disguise in the face of insecurity. References Atypical antipsychotic causes weight gain by targeting serotonin receptor 2C. (2017).Clinical Pharmacist. https://dx.doi.org/10.1211/cp.2017.20203665 Demirkan, H. (2015). Special Section: Enhancing E-Commerce Outcomes with IT Service Innovations.International Journal Of Electronic Commerce,19(3), 2-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2015.1000214 Editorial Board. (2017).Electronic Commerce Research And Applications,26, i. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-4223(17)30089-3 , Jaewook Lim. (2012). Impacts of Social Commerce in E-commerce : In perspective of Social Commerce Analysis Model.International Commerce And Information Review,14(1), 389-410. https://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.14.1.201203.389

Students in Sports Essay Sample free essay sample

Did you know that more than 30 million childs take part in an organized athletics in the United States? Sports engagement is good to pupils in many ways ( sportsandrecreationalactivityinjury. NationalSafeKidsCampaign. 31 October. 2012 ) . It can better physical fittingness. coordination. self-denial and teamwork. every bit good as promote a sense of personal satisfaction and achievement. But on the other manus can besides hold really large jobs with the student’s classs and clip. Having pupils play in athleticss can assist them be better in school and academically. Students are more likely to hold a better mental wellness if they are playing in athleticss because being physical really decrease depression. diminish your anxiousness. diminish your self-perception. and improves your assurance. Let’s say that a 6 twelvemonth old kid is playing association football for the schools squad but she is fleshy being in a athletics will really assist her feel better about herself b ecause as she grows her organic structure will alter and will go a more fit. We will write a custom essay sample on Students in Sports Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page strong and fitter indoors. If the kid feels better about them self’s mentally it will really open their heads for more of import things instead than believing about how they look Science Daily really states that playing a athletics as a immature kid with improves linguistic communication accomplishments because you will hold to discourse what has to be done and what has happened ( ScienceDaily. Editor Staff. 1995-2012. ScienceDailyLLC. 5 November. 2012 ) . A recent survey conducted by the American College of Sports Medicine ( ACSM ) investigated the nexus between physical activity in kids and academic public presentation in school. Initially. research workers predicted that childs who took physical instruction ( PE ) during the school twenty-four hours would make better academically. since it helps cut down ennui and helps childs stay focused ( activekidsdobetterinschool. Did you know that encephalon hurt is the taking cause of sports-and recreation-related decease? Injuries associated with engagement in athleticss and recreational activities account for 21 per centum of all traumatic encephalon hurts among kids in the United States ( NationalSAFEKIDS Campaigm2012 ) . Students playing in athleticss can really hold a done side in the mental procedure they could be hit the accomplishment with can take to a encephalon hurt. For illustration Steve Young. star signal caller for the San Francisco 49ers. is knocked to the land during a football game. In 2000. after 13 old ages with the squad. Young announced his retirement due to the serious of the head hurt he sustained on the field. Having a encephalon hurt can impact you in many ways ; it can impact your sense of gustatory sensation or odor. decelerate or slurred address. minor or several concerns. balance jobs and fatigue. Having a break to the caput can be really bad for the manner the encephalon works with our organic structures. Harmonizing to a new survey by Dr. Keith Zullig and Rebecca White from West Virginia University in the US shows that middle-school adolescents who are physically active and play on athleticss squads are more satisfied with their life and experience healthier ( ScienceNews. 2010. ScienceDaily. 7November. 2012 ) . In an official recent study. physicians found 17 per cent of male childs and 16 per cent of misss between 12 and 15 are classed as either corpulence or corpulent ( fitnessforchildrenandyoungpeople. 2012. BBC. Health. 7November. 2012 ) . Children are supposed to hold at least an hr of some type of alibis a twenty-four hours. Not holding that clip to be making something physically active may hold a truly negative income with your wellness for illustration it may do you to be proem to catching a batch of different types of diseases. A kid that is being physical in athletics has a fewer alteration of acquiring chronic wellness jobs than a kid that are inactive subsequently in lif e. Being in a athletics can really profit you by assisting your organic structure construct your bone construction. The exercise will assist with peak castanetss mass between ages 20 and 30. exerting the musculuss that pull on and beef up bone is critical during this period because it will assist the kid reach their full growing potency. More than 10. 000 people receive intervention in the nation’s exigency sections ( ED ) each twenty-four hours for hurts sustained in SRE activities. At least one of every five ED visits for an hurt consequences from engagement in athleticss or diversion. In 1999. Americans made an estimated 1. 5 million ED visits for hurts sustained while playing hoops. baseball. playground ball. football. or association football. Approximately 715. 000 athleticss and diversion hurts occur each twelvemonth in school scenes entirely. Injuries are besides a prima ground people stop take parting in potentially good physical activity ( PublicHealthBurden. 2006. CDCInjuryCenter. 7November. 2012 ) . With this said being in a athletics can besides non be good physically to your or ganic structure but being in a athletics can really increase the alteration of the athlete start utilizing steroids to increase their physical strength. And steroid usage has trickled down to younger jocks excessively. who face ferocious force per unit area to be stronger and faster. and to do it to college and professional conferences. Some research has shown that 5 % of adolescent male childs and 2. 5 % of adolescent misss have used some signifier of anabolic steroids. Surveies show that the developing childs utilizing steroids are traveling to be harmed by this illegal drug down the route in their lifes. For illustration an jock that used steroids is Shawne he was drafted in the first unit of ammunition ( 12th Overall ) in the 2005 NFL bill of exchange out of the University of Maryland. He rapidly made himself known as one on the quickest and dominant outside line backers in the game. Merriman has 39. 5 calling pokes in his first 43 NFL games. He has 189 tackles. was the 2005 Defensive Rookie of the Year. and has been selected to 3 Pro Bowls. On October 22. 2006 Merriman was given a 4 game suspension by the NFL for proving positive for an anabolic steroid. I guess we know what helped do Shawne one of the most feared participants today. His suspension has led to the NFL regulation that no participant that has tested positive for steroids can be selected to the Pro Bowl or given any public presentation awards in the twelvemonth they test positive. Merriman makes $ 11. 5 million dollars a twelvemonth playing football. Have you of all time asked yourself what student’s additions from being in athleticss subject wise? Well athleticss do learn pupils right from incorrect. difficult work. how to put ends. motive and how to accomplish what you want. A athleticss manager can hold a powerful influence on a child’s life. potentially more than parents and instructors. harmonizing to Trulson’s survey. During pattern. a manager is in a place to show the value of continued focal point. delayed satisfaction and vigorous attempt even when it’s hard. In competition. the pupil can see in existent clip the positive consequences of following coach’s instructions. In his book â€Å"The Art of Empowering Children. † manager and instructor John Graybeal notes that this consequence is even stronger if the manager straight discusses subject in add-on to the object lesson from the athletics.

How to Write a History Paper

How to Write a History PaperI remember when IB History papers were much harder to get accepted for than they are now. I had an experience a few years ago when I was first getting into college, and I was having problems writing my own personal essay. But, thankfully, it is much easier now.If you are in a situation where you are taking your first IB History paper, and you do not know how to write it, then I suggest that you try and find an IB History Essay Sample to help you out. What are those? Here are a few of them:Getting an IB History Subject Rejected is not easy. It is not for the weak. So, that will be what you're going to have to look at to see how you did, and whether or not you were bad enough.Some people will ask for tips and advice on writing an IB paper, especially an IB History one. Don't get discouraged, because they are usually great. This is the place to get those.As I said, those are from high school, but they work just as well and are probably more helpful than some other ones that are available. So, read some of them, and then start to think about what you can put in yours. Let your gut be your guide.There are also some basic things that you should think about for your essay. So, for example, don't go off the main topic of your paper. I always try to do this, because it is often very important to say what you think about something.Some of the most common topics to go over for a history paper are the Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement, and other political issues that are prominent at that time. Also, maybe some current events, and current events in history. The thing is, that there are so many different topics to go over. You'll want to make sure that you find one that best fits the topic you are writing about.

Amazing American Beaver Facts

Amazing American Beaver Facts The American beaver (Castor canadensis) is one of two living species of beavers- the other species of beaver is the Eurasian beaver. The American beaver is the worlds second largest rodent, only the capybara of South America is larger. Fast Facts: Beavers Scientific Name: Castor canadensisCommon Name(s): Beaver, North American Beaver, American BeaverBasic Animal Group:  MammalSize: About 29–35 inches longWeight: 24–57 poundsLifespan: Up to 24 yearsDiet:  HerbivoreHabitat:  Wetland areas of North America outside of the California and Nevada deserts and parts of Utah and Arizona.Population:  6–12 millionConservation  Status:  Least Concern Description American beavers are stocky animals that have a compact body and short legs. They are aquatic rodents and have a number of adaptations that make them adept swimmers including webbed feet and a broad, flat tail that is covered with scales. They also have an extra set of eyelids which are transparent and close over their eyes enabling beavers to see while underwater. Beavers have a pair of glands located at the base of their tail called castor glands. These glands secrete an oil that has a distinct musk odor, making it great for use in marking territory. Beavers also use the castor oil to protect and waterproof their fur. Beavers have very large teeth in proportion to their skull. Their teeth and are super-sturdy thanks to a coating of tough enamel. This enamel is orange to chestnut brown in color. Beavers teeth grow continuously throughout their lives. As beavers chew through tree trunks and bark, their teeth get worn down, so the continuous growth of their teeth ensures they always have a sharp set of teeth available to them. To further assist them in their chewing endeavors, beavers have strong jaw muscles and significant biting strength. Stan Tekiela Author / Naturalist / Wildlife Photographer/Getty Images Habitat and Distribution American Beavers live in the riparian zone- along the edges of wetlands and bodies of fresh water including rivers, creeks, lakes, and ponds and, in some cases, in and around brackish estuaries. American beavers inhabit a range that extends throughout most of North America. The species is only absent from the northernmost regions of Canada and Alaska as well as the deserts of the southwestern United States and Mexico. Diet Beavers are herbivores. They feed on bark, leaves, twigs and other plant material which is plentiful in their native habitat. Behavior Beavers are well-known for their unusual behaviors: They use their strong teeth to fell small trees and branches which they use to build dams and lodges which have a significant impact on the path and health of waterways. Beaver dams are structures built with logs, branches, and mud. They are used to block up flowing streams to flood grasslands and forests, thus turning them into beaver-friendly habitats. In addition to providing habitat for a wide range of animals, beaver dams also reduce waterway erosion. Beavers build lodges, dome-shaped shelters made of woven sticks, branches, and grass that are plastered together with mud. Lodges can be burrows built into pond banks or mounds built in the middle of a pond. They can be up to 6.5 feet tall and 40 feet wide. These elaborate structures include an insulated, wood-lined lodge chamber and a ventilating shaft called a chimney. The entrance to a beaver lodge is located below the surface of the water. Lodges are generally built during the warmer months, during which time beavers also gather food for the winter. While they do not migrate or hibernate, they do slow down during the winter months. Reproduction and Offspring Beavers live in family units called colonies. A beaver colony commonly includes as many as eight individuals including a monogamous breeding pair, newborn kits, and yearlings (kits from the prior season). Members of the colony establish and defend a home territory. Beavers reproduce sexually. They reach sexual maturity at about three years of age. Beavers breed in January or February and their gestation period is 107 days. Typically, three or four beaver kits are born in the same litter. Young beavers are weaned at about two months of age. Zoran Kolundzija/Getty Images Conservation Status Beavers are considered to be of Least Concern, meaning that there is a large, thriving population of beavers in North America. This has not always been the case; in fact, beavers were overhunted for many years and beaver fur was the basis of many large fortunes. More recently, however, protections were put in place which allowed beavers to re-establish their population. Beavers and Humans Beavers are a protected species, but their behaviors can make them a nuisance in some settings. Beaver dams can cause flooding to roads and fields, or block the flow of waterways and the fish that swim in them. On the other hand, beaver dams are also important for controlling erosion and runoff during storms. Sources â€Å"Beaver.†Ã‚  Smithsonians National Zoo, 23 Nov. 2018, nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/beaver.Sartore, Joel. â€Å"Beaver.†Ã‚  National Geographic, 21 Sept. 2018, www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/b/beaver/.

Abraham Lincolns 1838 Springfield Lyceum Address

Abraham Lincolns 1838 Springfield Lyceum Address More than 25 years before Abraham Lincoln would deliver his legendary Gettysburg Address, the 28-year-old novice politician delivered a lecture before a gathering of young men and women in his newly adopted hometown of Springfield, Illinois. On January 27, 1838, a Saturday night in the middle of winter, Lincoln spoke on what sounds like a fairly generic topic, The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions. Yet Lincoln, a little-known lawyer serving as a state representative, indicated his ambition by delivering a substantial and timely  speech. Prompted by the murder of an abolitionist printer in Illinois two months earlier, Lincoln spoke about issues of great national importance, touching on slavery, mob violence, and the future of the nation itself. The speech, which has become known as the Lyceum Address, was published in a local newspaper within two weeks. It was Lincolns earliest published speech. The circumstances of its writing, delivery, and reception, provide a fascinating glimpse at how  Lincoln viewed the United States, and American politics, decades before he would lead the nation during the Civil War. Background of Abraham Lincolns Lyceum Address The American Lyceum Movement began when Josiah Holbrook, a teacher and amateur scientist, founded a volunteer educational organization in his town of Milbury, Massachusetts in 1826. Holbrooks idea caught on, and other towns in New England formed groups where local people could give lectures and debate ideas. By the mid-1830s more than 3,000 lyceums had been formed from New England to the South, and even as far west as Illinois. Josiah Holbrook traveled from Massachusetts to speak at the first lyceum organized in central Illinois, in the town of Jacksonville, in 1831. The organization which hosted Lincolns lecture in 1838, the Springfield Young Mens Lyceum, had probably been founded in 1835. It first held its meetings in a local schoolhouse, and by 1838 had moved its meeting place to a Baptist church. The lyceum meetings in Springfield were usually held on Saturday evenings. And while the membership comprised young men, females were invited to the meetings, which were intended to be both educational and social. The topic of Lincolns address, The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions, seems like a typical subject for a lyceum address. But a shocking event that occurred less than three months earlier, and only about 85 miles from Springfield, surely inspired Lincoln. The Murder of Elijah Lovejoy Elijah Lovejoy was a New England abolitionist who settled in St. Louis and began publishing a stridently anti-slavery newspaper in the mid-1830s. He was essentially chased out of town in the summer of 1837, and crossed the Mississippi River and set up shop in Alton, Illinois. Though Illinois was a free state, Lovejoy soon found himself under attack again. And on November 7, 1837, a pro-slavery mob raided a warehouse where Lovejoy had stored his printing press. The mob wanted to destroy the printing press, and during a small riot the building was set on fire and Elijah Lovejoy was shot five times. He died within an hour. Elijah Lovejoys murder shocked the entire nation. Stories about his murder at the hands of a mob appeared in major cities. An abolitionist meeting held in New York City in December 1837 to mourn for Lovejoy was reported in newspapers throughout the East. Abraham Lincolns neighbors in Springfield, only 85 miles away from the site of Lovejoys murder, certainly would have been shocked by the outburst of mob violence in their own state. Lincoln Discussed Mob Violence In His Speech It is perhaps no surprise that when Abraham Lincoln spoke to the Young Mens Lyceum of Springfield that winter he made mention of mob violence in America. What may seem surprising is that Lincoln did not refer directly to Lovejoy, instead mentioning acts of mob violence generally: Accounts of outrages committed by mobs form the every-day news of the times. They have pervaded the country from New England to Louisiana; they are neither peculiar to the eternal snows of the former nor the burning suns of the latter; they are not the creature of climate, neither are they confined to the slave-holding or the non-slave-holding states. Alike they spring up among the pleasure-hunting masters of Southern slaves, and the order-loving citizens of the land of steady habits. Whatever, then, their cause may be, it is common to the whole country. The likely reason Lincoln did not mention the mobs murder of Elijah Lovejoy is simply because there was no need to bring it up. Anyone listening to Lincoln that night was entirely aware of the incident. And Lincoln saw fit to place the shocking act in a broader, national, context. Lincoln Expressed His Thoughts on the Future of America After noting the menace, and very real threat, of mob rule, Lincoln began to talk of laws, and how it is the duty of citizens to obey the law, even if they believe the law is unjust. By doing that, Lincoln was keeping himself apart from abolitionists like Lovejoy, who openly advocated violating the laws pertaining to slavery. And Lincoln did make a point of emphatically stating: I do mean to say that although bad laws, if they exist, should be repealed as soon as possible, still they continue in force, for the sake of example they should be religiously observed. Lincoln then turned his attention to what he believed would be a grave danger to America: a leader of great ambition who would attain power and corrupt the system. Lincoln expressed a fear that an Alexander, a Caesar, or a Napoleon would rise in America. In speaking about this hypothetical monstrous leader, essentially an American dictator, Lincoln wrote lines which would be quoted often by those analyzing the speech in future years: It thirsts and burns for distinction; and if possible, it will have it, whether at the expense of emancipating slaves or enslaving freemen. Is it unreasonable then, to expect that some man possessed of the loftiest genius, coupled with ambition sufficient to push it to its utmost stretch, will at some time spring up among us? It is remarkable, that Lincoln used the phrase emancipating slaves nearly 25 years before he would, from the White House, issue the Emancipation Proclamation. And some modern analysts have interpreted the Springfield Lyceum Address as Lincoln analyzing himself and what kind of leader he might be. What is apparent from the 1838 Lyceum Address is that Lincoln was ambitious. When given the opportunity to address a local group, he chose to comment on matters of national importance. And while the writing may not show the graceful and concise style he would later develop, it does demonstrate that he was a confident writer and speaker, even in his 20s. And it is noteworthy that some of the themes Lincoln spoke about, a few weeks before he turned 29, are the very same themes that would be discussed 20 years later, during the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas Debates that began his rise to national prominence.

Answer question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Answer question - Assignment Example Expected Costs: Sarah handles payroll functions, travelling to both offices once per week,70 miles round-trip to Sedona,190 miles round-trip to Prescott. Her SUV gets 17 mpg, the cost of gas on average is $ 3.40 per gallon. Expected cost per week therefore is: $ 3.40 multiplied by 17 mpg of her SUV= $57.8. Incase Sarah maintains her job, DSS will reduce her approximately 5 hours per payroll period, reducing her daycare cost to $ 200 monthly thus, (200 * 12) = $ 2400 annually to be subtracted from $ 1430044. Therefore TOTAL EXPECTED COST WILL BE $ 1,427,644. It will increase the time needed to run the clinic efficiently and provide a proper database that will enable Collins to keep track of the clinic’s financial transactions. This translates into an increase into the net-worth of his business. 6) That Collins facilitate the implementation of the DSS payroll software immediately. In addition, for him to up-grade his knowledge of working with the software for effective management, and if need be, to retain his wife in her position due to her experience with managing payroll system which will prove useful. Because she is technically savvy, it eliminates the need to have to incur cost in training a new

Critically examine the measures in the detailed case study Essay

Critically examine the measures in the detailed case study - Essay Example Also, as a way of increasing cost savings while not sacrificing the morale, loyalty and motivation of employees, they are given various opportunities for a more flexible work schedules and arrangements to suit their career growth and development needs. Under the heading of â€Å"Workforce Planning†, important measures given emphasis on by the proposed measures involve the management of planned retirements in relation to the expected high retirement rates within the next 10 or more years. However, grants for allowing temporary retention of employees aged 64 are still allowable under certain circumstances in order for them to enter into a state of transition prior to fully retiring from the workforce. In relation to this measure, while there are no prohibitions to the retention or the rehiring of employees beyond their retirement ages, due to the need for a career succession in hopes of adding contributors of new ideas or innovations to the organisation as well as to allow the career growth of the remaining 65% of the workforce there will be a prioritisation of opening positions in the upper rung of the corporate ladder, with exceptions to certain positions related to advisory councils or organisational consultants. It is als o proposed that aside from vertical realignment of positions there will also be possible redeployment in line with the need to change how the whole organisation functions upon the retirement of 35% of the workforce. Thus instead of hiring new employees to fill in the jobs, there will be a greater focus on retraining employees to be more flexible in their jobs to meet the needs of the organisation, thereby decreasing the odds of redundancy within the next few years. To prevent any violation of contracts or other prior agreements it is proposed that negotiations and consultations are done between trade unions and the council, with assistance from human resources. In line with the proposal for an organisation change

The Impact of Internet Pornography on American Society Essay -- Intern

Pornography is nothing new to American society, so why would there be a problem with the merging of the internet and pornographic material? Why would it make a difference if the material is online or in a magazine? In this paper, the issue of internet porn will be discussed in terms of its relation to the addiction of online porn, desensitization to sexual violence and rape, encouragement of sexual violence, objectification of women, sexual compulsiveness, and the reshaping of expectations regarding sex and body images. Internet porn has become increasingly popular, and one reason for this is because it is easily accessible and can be kept relatively private. There is no need to order any materials or go to a store to buy the magazines. With internet porn, viewers can access a multitude of materials right on the internet. The variety is endless and the gratification is instant. According to The US News & World Report, 17.5 million surfers visited porn sites from their home computers in January of 2004, which is a 40% increase from 4 months earlier (Dew, 2004). The easy access and variety of materials has been known to cause addiction in online viewers, as pointed out by The BBC Website, â€Å"Internet porn is available in much larger quantities than traditional porn and at a cheaper cost†¦this may be a good case of having ‘too much of a good thing’†(Kadu, 2004). The current numbers of people who are addicted to porn are unclear, but the estimate according to the Minnesota Family Institute (2004) runs as high as 5 million. As with other forms of addiction, this creates the opportunity for problems in other areas of the addict’s life. Viewers tend to treat people as â€Å"†¦mere objects of... ...rences Anderson, Kerby. (2004). The Pornography Plague. Probe Ministries [Online]. Available: http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/pornplag.html Dew, Diane. (2004). Social & Psychological Effects of Porn [Online]. Pornography & the Bible. Available: http://dianedew.com/porn.htm [2004, February 17]. Kadu, Flyer. (2004). Internet Pornography-The Issues. BBC [Online]. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/alabaster/A523504 [2004, February 15]. Minnesota Family Institute. (2004). Pornography: Don’t Protect It, Reject It. Backgrounder-Analyzing Current Issues. [Online]. Available: http://www.mfc.org/resources/backgrounders/pornography.htm (2004, Winter).Public Libraries, Pornography, and the Damage Done: A Case Study.Library Administration & Management, v18no1. 8-13. (2004, January 19). The Porn Factor. Time v163no3. 99-101.

Bottled Water and Its Industry

Bottled Water and Its Industry Bottled water is a big business. Since the 1970s the market for bottled water has boomed around the world. Even soft-drink companies like Pepsi and Coca-Cola have dipped their hands into this successful product. According to Beverage Marketing Corp, New York City, Americans now consume more bottled water than milk, coffee, beer, or any other drink (Fishman) Consumers’ thirst for the beverage is fueled by many factors, one of the largest reasons being an increased interest in a healthy lifestyle.As a result, the bottled water market increased by an average of 9% annually between 1999 and 2004 (Spinner, 2006) The global rate of consumption more than quadrupled between 1990 and 2005 (Li, 2007) People in the United States buy more than half a billion bottles of water a week; that is enough to circle the earth more than 5 times (Leonard). How can we explain this trend and what are the consequences for producers, consumers, and the environment? Bottled water consumption reflects a certain way of life. In many cases, bottled water is an alternative to tap water.Consumers think it tastes better than tap water and they perceive it as being safer and of better quality. Bottled water is perceived as pure and harmless, although it is not necessarily the case. Consumers care for their health and their well-being and bottled water happens to be a quick, easy, and healthy alternative to other bottled beverages. The history of bottled water comes back to how the economy works. If companies want to keep growing they have to keep selling more and more stuff. In the 1970s giant soft drink companies got worried when they saw their growth projections starting to level off (Leonard).This was most likely because one person can only drink so much soda and sooner or later people were going to realized that soda is not healthy and they will convert back to drinking tap water. So at the end of the 1970s companies found their next big thing in a Frenc h product, Perrier. This was water sold in glass bottles and became the newest fad. It wasn’t until 1989 when they started manufacturing bottled water in plastic containers (Tapped, 2009). But how do you get people to keep spending two-thousand times more on a product that they can get out of their kitchen sink?Companies needed to find an effective way to keep people interested in their product, so they start using manufactured demand, or advertising. They started scaring people away from drinking tap water, telling them it was no good. Susan Wellington, president of the Quaker Oats Company’s United States beverage division said, â€Å"When we’re done, tap water will be relegated to showers and washing dishes† (Gleick, 2010) Their next technique was to hide the reality of bottled water behind pure fantasy. They market it as being convenient and personal, which caters to our desires as a human.Producers know that we love having something that is all ours a nd in close reach whenever we want it. They seduced us with images of mountains, streams, and pristine nature, but in reality one-third of bottled water in the United States comes from the tap. Pepsi and Coca-Cola are just two of many brands that are merely tap water. There is much debate on whether bottled water is better or worse than tap water. Obviously there are places around the world, and even the United States that do not have access to clean drinking water, so yes, in these places bottled water is the better choice.But in the places where most bottled water is purchased, tap water is equally comparable, if not better, than bottled water. In 2006 Fiji built an ad campaign around not drinking city tap water. They chose the city of Cleveland, Ohio and printed full page ads in magazines that read â€Å"The label says Fiji because it’s not bottled in Cleveland†(Gleick, 2010) Obviously the city of Cleveland was not pleased and conducted a blind test comparing Fiji w ater to their city’s tap water. The test showed that a glass of Fiji water is lower quality and loses the taste test against Cleveland’s tap water.Five percent of the bottled water purchased in Cleveland fell within the required fluoride range recommended by the state, compared with 100% of the tap water samples (Duncan, 2010) Also, a bottle of Fiji costs thousands of times more than the same about of tap water. Tap water being chosen blindly over bottled water seems to be the common trend (Wilk, 2006) Bottled water is actually less regulated than tap water. City municipals must perform multiple tests a day on the city’s water source, whereas bottled water industries are not bound under these same laws.Clearly taste is not the central motivation behind the continuing increase in the bottled water trade (Li, 2007) In March 1999, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) released a report called â€Å"Bottled Water, Pure Drink or Pure Hype? † NRDC's repo rt points out that as much as 40% of all bottled water comes from a city water system, just like tap water. The report also focuses on the fact that 60% to 70% of all bottled water sold in the United States is exempt from the FDA's bottled water standards, because the federal standards do not apply to water bottled and sold within the same state.Unless the water is transported across state lines, there are no federal regulations that govern its quality. According to the NRDC, â€Å"Bottled water companies have used this loophole to avoid complying with basic health standards, such as those that apply to municipally treated tap water. † Also, all carbonated or sparkling waters are completely exempt from FDA guidelines that set specific contamination limits. According to the NRDC study, â€Å"Even when bottled waters are covered by the FDA's specific bottled water standards, those rules are weaker in many ways than EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] rules that apply to big- city tap water. For instance, if we compare EPA regulations for tap water to the FDA's bottled water rules (these examples are quotes from the NRDC report): †¢City tap water can have no confirmed E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria. FDA bottled water rules include no such prohibition (a certain amount of any type of coliform bacteria is allowed in bottled water). †¢City tap water, from surface water, must be filtered and disinfected. In contrast, there are no federal filtration or disinfection requirements for bottled water. Most cities using surface water have had to test for Cryptosporidium or Giardia, two common water pathogens that can cause diarrhea and other intestinal problems, yet bottled water companies do not have to do this. †¢City tap water must meet standards for certain important toxic or cancer-causing chemicals, such as phthalate (a chemical that can leach from plastic, including plastic bottles); some in the industry persuaded the FDA to exempt bottled water from the regulations regarding these chemicals. City water systems must issue annual â€Å"right to know† reports, telling consumers what is in their water. Bottlers successfully killed a â€Å"right to know† requirement for bottled water †¢The Natural Resources Defense Council report concluded: â€Å"Therefore, while much tap water is indeed risky, having compared available data, we conclude that there is no assurance that bottled water is any safer than tap water. † Often, enforcement and monitoring of water quality is uneven and irregular for both tap water and bottled water.While tap water contamination incidents must be reported promptly to the public, the same is not true for bottled water. While contamination of bottled water does occur, many instances have never received public notice until recently (Gleick, 2010). Aside from the excessive spending of consumers on bottled water, there are also many health effects inadvertently caused by the b ottled water industry, one of these problems being tooth decay. Since the 1950s, the United States has been involved in a public health program called ‘community water fluoridation’(1800 Dentist).Many communities throughout the nation added fluoride to their water supply, and the result was a significant decrease in the number of childhood cavities (Xiang, 2010) Bottling companies use processes such as reverse osmosis or distillation to remove impurities from the water, which also removes the fluoride (Lalumandier,2009). Fluoride, or lack thereof, in your water may not seem like much of a reason to worry about whether or not you should drink tap water versus bottled water, but this is not the only risk for consumers.According to a 1999 NRDC study in which approximately 22% of brands were tested, at least one sample of bottled drinking water contained chemical contaminants at levels above state health limits. Some of the contaminants found in the study could pose health risks, such as cancer, if consumed over a long period of time (NRDC) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, or PETE) is a chemical found in the plastic used to make water bottles. A 2009 study by reasearchers form Goethe University in Germany suggest that PET bottles may contain hormone-disrupting chemicals that are detrimental to human health.Some compounds in PET may seep out from these bottles and can possibly cause cancer. This typically occurs when the water is exposed to either cold or hot temperatures (Ferrier, 2001) Another chemical found in the plastic used to make water bottles is bisphenol-a (BPA). This has multiple health effects, including cancer and reproduction problems in women of child bearing age, as well as in babies (Ferrier, 2001, and Tapped). Producers and consumers are not the only components affected by the bottled water industry. Probably the most effected element is our environment.From diminishing fresh water sources, to wildlife, to pollution, our environment i s suffering immensely from production and disposal of bottled water. In a recent full page ad, Nestle said, â€Å"Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world. † (Nestle Waters). How can this be true when these industries are trashing the environment all along the products life cycle. This is not environmentally responsible. The problems start with extraction and production where oil is used to make water bottles. PET is derived from crude oil.One kilogram of PET requires two kilograms of oil and produces three kilograms of CO2. Making bottles to meet consumer demands for bottled water requires more than 1. 5 million barrels of oil a year (Arnold, 2006 and Ferrier, 2001). That is enough oil to fuel 100,000 cars each year. With all that energy used to make the bottle, even more energy is used to ship it around the planet and once it reaches us we drink it in about two minutes. That brings us to the problem at the other end of the life cyc le. What happens to all the bottles when we are done with them?Eighty percent of empty bottles end up in landfills where they will sit for thousands of years before decomposing. Many end up in incinerators where they are burned releasing toxic pollution into the atmosphere. The rest is recycled. But what happens to the recycled bottles? In a perfect world each bottle would be recycled and remade into another water bottle. Instead the plastic goes through a downcycling process, which turns the material into lower grade plastics which is used to produce tons of other products, wasting much of the scrap and discarding it in another country’s backyard and/or into the ocean (Tapped, 2009).There is a garbage patch twice the size of Texas in the North Pacific Ocean. The garbage patch occupies a relatively stationary region of the North Pacific. The rotational pattern of the current draws in waste material from across the North Pacific, including costal waters off North America and J apan. As material is captured in the currents it remains trapped inside this region of ocean. One hundred million marine mammals and turtles in the North Pacific are killed every year by plastic in the ocean. 70-100% of North Pacific sea birds are affected by eating plastic. Plastic is killing the ocean and it is poisoning the fish we eat.Because the fish we eat have likely ingested contaminated plastic, it is virtually impossible for nature to produce organic fish in the ocean. Pepsi’s vice chairman publicly said, â€Å"The biggest enemy is tap water. † They want us to think it is dirty and that bottled water is the best alternative. In many places public water is polluted. Thanks to polluting industries, one of the major contributors being the bottled water industry. Drinking bottled water has become a trivial habit in many people’s everyday lives. Bad tap water taste or quality, fitness goals, and other numerous reasons lead consumer to buy bottled water.Bott led water may even be necessary, for instance in case of temporary tap water contamination. This flourishing market is profitable for many companies and provides a great number of jobs to people around the world. Bottled water quality is generally good, although it can suffer from the same contamination hazards as tap water and also contains hazardous compounds in the bottle itself. Some solutions to make sure bottled water quality is as good as it claims could include things like, companies releasing their quality tests on a day-to-day basis and make them available to the community.It should also be required by all companies to include information about where the water came from, or how it was filtered, on the label. The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA) is beginning to â€Å"go green†. Nestle, for instance, will use 30% lighter plastic bottles and 30% smaller labels, as well as eco-shaped bottles. Their bottles will be 100% recyclable, and when building product ion plants they will make sure the building is green-building certified.Another step they are taking is looking into hybrid vehicles for distribution of their product (Nestle Waters, 2011). This seems like Nestle is taking the right steps to improve production and use resources in a manner that will help improve, or at least maintain, our environment, but I cannot help but wonder if this is one of their marketing tools. Sure, they are producing in a more environmentally friendly way, but is this one of their ways of â€Å"tricking† us into buying their product and steering us away from their non-green competitors?When buying their product we are still contributing to this market. Bottled water is not all bad. It has many positive uses. Bottled water is an absolute critical lifesaver in many natural disasters. Bottled water has a substantial shelf life. This is especially valuable for emergency preparation, but also for many other purposes. Also, bottled water is a nearly idea l consumer product: it is healthy, non-addictive, hypoallergenic, caffeine-free, calorie free, and contains no artificial colors, flavors, trans fats, etc. Fager, 2009) Some things we could do to reduce the environmental impact of bottled water are to re-use bottles of water rather than recycling them to be re-manufactured, or buy a reusable, BPA free, water bottle. A more aggressive approach would be to lobby with city and state officials for more drinking fountains around your city, or towards the boycott of bottled water in your public schools and work places. These are just a few steps to start protecting our wallets, our health, and our planet.